|
TABLE 14A
EARLY SOCIALIZATION EXPERIENCES
IN HEALTHCARE MANAGEMENT
FEMALES
| |
1992
|
1997
|
|
Black |
White |
Black |
White |
Hispanic |
Asian |
| Percent with:
Internship |
|
49 |
30*** |
37 |
33 |
38 |
| n |
(138) |
(253) |
(177) |
(183) |
(71) |
(38) |
| Residency |
|
27 |
23 |
20 |
28 |
24 |
| n |
(134) |
(252) |
(179) |
(184) |
(71) |
(38) |
| Fellowship |
|
17 |
13 |
21 |
11 |
16 |
| n |
(135) |
(250) |
(174) |
(183) |
(70) |
(37) |
| Any Mentors |
81 |
81 |
64 |
75 |
71 |
69 |
| n |
(160) |
(281) |
(203) |
(193) |
(82) |
(39) |
| Percent Subsequently
Hired by Organization of Residency |
NA |
NA |
42 |
59 |
53 |
69 |
| White females |
0.6 |
0.7 |
0.6 |
1.0 |
0.6 |
1.0acd |
| n |
(129) |
(228) |
(130) |
(144) |
(58) |
(27) |
| White males |
1.0 |
1.6a |
1.0 |
1.7 |
1.0 |
1.7acdf |
| n |
(129) |
(228) |
(130) |
(144) |
(58) |
(27) |
| Hispanic females |
|
|
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.5 |
0.0bdf |
| n |
|
|
(134) |
(145) |
(58) |
(27) |
| Hispanic males |
|
|
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.5 |
0.0bdf |
| n |
|
|
(134) |
(145) |
(58) |
(27) |
| Asian females |
NA |
NA |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
| n |
|
|
(134) |
(145) |
(58) |
(27) |
| Asian males |
NA |
NA |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.1 |
0.0d |
| n |
|
|
(134) |
(145) |
(58) |
(27) |
| American Indian
/Aleut females |
NA |
NA |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
| n |
|
|
(134) |
(145) |
(58) |
(27) |
| American Indian
/Aleut males |
|
|
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
| n |
|
|
(134) |
(145) |
(58) |
(27) |
| Most Influential
Mentor |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Black females |
19% |
1%*** |
19% |
1% |
7% |
0%*** |
| Black males |
37 |
1 |
28 |
1 |
3 |
7 |
| White females |
15 |
26 |
20 |
30 |
14 |
26 |
| White males |
29 |
72 |
31 |
67 |
44 |
63 |
| Hispanic females |
NA |
NA |
2 |
0 |
19 |
0 |
| Hispanic males |
NA |
NA |
0 |
1 |
14 |
0 |
| Asian females |
NA |
NA |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Asian males |
NA |
NA |
0 |
0 |
0 |
4 |
| American Indian
/Aleut females |
NA |
NA |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
| American Indian
/Aleut males |
NA |
NA |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| |
|
100% |
100% |
100% |
100% |
100%1 |
| n |
(130) |
(226) |
(129) |
(147) |
(59) |
(27) |
a t test
is significantly different at p<.05 between Blacks and
Whites
b " " " " Blacks and Hispanics
c " " " " Blacks and Asians
d " " " " Whites and Hispanics
f " " " " Hispianics and Asians
*Chi-square significant p<.05
***Chi-square significant p<.001
1Responses may not total to 100 due to rounding.
TABLE 14B
EARLY SOCIALIZATION EXPERIENCES
IN HEALTHCARE MANAGEMENT
MALES
| |
1992
|
1997
|
| |
Black |
White |
Black |
White |
Hispanic |
Asian |
| Percent with: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Internship |
|
40 |
28* |
38 |
32 |
40 |
| n |
(129) |
(219) |
(147) |
(184) |
(129) |
(74) |
| Residency |
|
37 |
44 |
30 |
44 |
39 |
| n |
(129) |
(222) |
(147) |
(181) |
(130) |
(74) |
| Fellowship |
|
11 |
8 |
9 |
14 |
11 |
| n |
(126) |
(217) |
(148) |
(184) |
(130) |
(74) |
| Any Mentors |
68 |
72 |
69 |
77 |
73 |
72 |
| n |
(164) |
(241) |
(171) |
(199) |
(145) |
(74) |
| Percent Subsequently
Hired by |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Organization
of Residency |
NA |
NA |
51 |
65 |
59 |
46 |
| n |
|
|
(45) |
(81) |
(51) |
(28) |
| Organization
of Fellowship |
NA |
NA |
46 |
62 |
57 |
56 |
| n |
|
|
(13) |
(26) |
(14) |
(9) |
| Mean Number of
Mentors |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Black females |
0.3 |
0.0a |
0.4 |
0.0 |
0.1 |
0.0abc |
| n |
(112) |
(168) |
(118) |
(153) |
(106) |
(52) |
| Black males |
1.0 |
0.1a |
1.2 |
0.1 |
0.2 |
0.2abc |
| n |
(112) |
(168) |
(118) |
(153) |
(106) |
(52) |
| White females |
0.3 |
0.3 |
0.4 |
0.5 |
0.5 |
0.5 |
| n |
(112) |
(168) |
(118) |
(153) |
(106) |
(52) |
| White males |
1.2 |
2.0a |
1.2 |
2.1 |
1.5 |
1.8acd |
| n |
(112) |
(167) |
(118) |
(153) |
(106) |
|
| Hispanic females |
|
|
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.2 |
0.0bdf |
| n |
|
|
(122) |
(155) |
(108) |
(52) |
| Hispanic males |
|
|
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.7 |
0.0bdf |
| n |
|
|
(122) |
(155) |
(108) |
(52) |
| Asian females |
NA |
NA |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.1 |
0.0b |
| n |
|
|
(122) |
(155) |
(108) |
(52) |
| Asian males |
NA |
NA |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.1 |
0.2cef |
| n |
|
|
(122) |
(155) |
(106) |
(52) |
| American Indian
/Aleut females |
NA |
NA |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
| n |
|
|
(122) |
(155) |
(108) |
(52) |
| American Indian
/Aleut males |
|
|
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0cef |
| n |
|
|
(122) |
(155) |
(108) |
(52) |
| Most Influential
Mentor |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Black females |
3% |
1%*** |
8% |
0% |
1% |
2*** |
| Black males |
44 |
1 |
39 |
2 |
2 |
4 |
| White females |
5 |
11 |
8 |
10 |
10 |
13 |
| White males |
48 |
87 |
43 |
87 |
56 |
74 |
| Hispanic females |
NA |
NA |
0 |
0 |
7 |
0 |
| Hispanic males |
NA |
NA |
1 |
1 |
24 |
2 |
| Asian females |
NA |
NA |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Asian males |
NA |
NA |
0 |
0 |
0 |
5 |
| American Indian
/Aleut females |
NA |
NA |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| American Indian
/Aleut males |
NA |
NA |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| |
100% |
100% |
100%1 |
100% |
100% |
100% |
| n |
(112) |
(168) |
(118) |
(154) |
(107) |
(54) |
a t test is significantly
different at p<.05 between Blacks and Whites
b " " " " Blacks and Hispanics
c " " " " Blacks and Asians
d " " " " Whites and Hispanics
f " " " " Hispianics and Asians
*Chi-square significant p<.05
***Chi-square significant p<.001
1Responses may not total to 100 due to rounding
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