|
TABLE 17A
WITHDRAWAL FROM THE WORKFORCE
(percentages)
FEMALES
| |
1992
|
1997
|
| |
Black
|
White
|
Black
|
White
|
Hispanic
|
Asian
|
| Took a less desirable job
because of: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Family needs |
17
|
30**
|
20
|
20
|
19
|
18
|
|
n
|
(161)
|
(281)
|
(196)
|
(191)
|
(79)
|
(38)
|
| Financial needs |
|
|
25
|
11
|
23
|
16**
|
|
n
|
|
|
(196)
|
(191)
|
(78)
|
(38)
|
| Lack of opportunity |
11
|
3***
|
40
|
22
|
31
|
18***
|
|
n
|
(161)
|
(281)
|
(196)
|
(191)
|
(78)
|
(38)
|
| Lack of education |
|
|
4
|
4
|
10
|
3
|
|
n
|
|
|
(193)
|
(191)
|
(77)
|
(38)
|
| Took a part-time job because
of: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Family demands |
12
|
19*
|
11
|
12
|
17
|
8
|
|
n
|
(161)
|
(281)
|
(193)
|
(189)
|
(76)
|
(36)
|
| Financial needs |
|
|
35
|
12
|
20
|
6***
|
|
n
|
|
|
(197)
|
(190)
|
(75)
|
(36)
|
| Lack of opportunity |
9
|
1***
|
10
|
4
|
9
|
0*
|
|
n
|
(161)
|
(281)
|
(189)
|
(189)
|
(75)
|
(36)
|
| Lack of education |
|
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
|
n
|
|
|
(188)
|
(189)
|
(75)
|
(36)
|
| Voluntarily withdrew from
the workforce for three months or more because of: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Family demands |
22
|
27
|
21
|
13
|
19
|
16
|
|
n
|
(161)
|
(281)
|
(197)
|
(187)
|
(74)
|
(37)
|
| Disliked position |
|
|
5
|
5
|
11
|
3
|
|
n
|
|
|
(193)
|
(189)
|
(73)
|
(37)
|
| Disability illness |
4
|
2
|
4
|
1
|
4
|
3
|
|
n
|
(161)
|
(281)
|
(192)
|
(186)
|
(73)
|
(37)
|
| To pursue education |
|
|
11
|
16
|
15
|
6
|
|
n
|
|
|
(193)
|
(188)
|
(75)
|
(36)
|
| Other |
|
|
16
|
6
|
9
|
20
|
|
n
|
|
|
(32)
|
(48)
|
(11)
|
(5)
|
| Experienced the following
(percent yes) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Unemployment for three
moths or more due to lack of opportunity |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
NA
|
NA
|
21
|
12
|
16
|
8*
|
|
n
|
|
|
(198)
|
(187)
|
(77)
|
(38)
|
| Involuntary termination |
|
|
18
|
14
|
13
|
13
|
|
n
|
|
|
(194)
|
(190)
|
(76)
|
(38)
|
*Chi-square significant
p<.05
**Chi-square significant p<.01
***Chi-square significant p<.001
TABLE 17B
WITHDRAWAL FROM THE WORKFORCE
(percentages)
MALES
| |
1992
|
1997
|
| |
Black |
White |
Black |
White |
Hispanic |
Asian |
| Took a less desirable job
because of: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Family needs |
6
|
8
|
17
|
16
|
18
|
18
|
|
n
|
(162)
|
(239)
|
(166)
|
(195)
|
(146)
|
(72)
|
| Financial needs |
|
|
23
|
18
|
15
|
19
|
|
n
|
|
|
(167)
|
(195)
|
(145)
|
(74)
|
| Lack of opportunity |
14
|
6*
|
46
|
21
|
24
|
28***
|
|
n
|
(162)
|
(239)
|
(169)
|
(195)
|
(146)
|
(72)
|
| Lack of education |
|
|
4
|
2
|
7
|
4
|
| n |
|
|
(164)
|
(195)
|
(145)
|
(72)
|
| Took a part-time job because
of: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Family demands |
4
|
3
|
14
|
4
|
10
|
4**
|
|
n
|
(162)
|
(239)
|
(164)
|
(195)
|
(144)
|
(72)
|
| Financial needs |
|
|
28
|
14
|
22
|
15**
|
|
n
|
|
|
(170)
|
(195)
|
(145)
|
(72)
|
| Lack of opportunity |
9
|
3**
|
13
|
2
|
8
|
1***
|
|
n
|
(162)
|
(239)
|
(166)
|
(195)
|
(144)
|
(71)
|
| Lack of education |
|
|
2
|
1
|
2
|
0
|
|
n
|
|
|
(163)
|
(195)
|
(144)
|
(71)
|
| Voluntarily withdrew from
the workforce for three months or more because of: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Family demands |
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
2
|
3
|
|
n
|
(162)
|
(239)
|
(165)
|
(194)
|
(145)
|
(73)
|
| Disliked position |
|
|
5
|
3
|
4
|
3
|
|
n
|
|
|
(165)
|
(194)
|
(146)
|
(72)
|
| Disability illness |
6
|
2*
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
|
n
|
(162)
|
(239)
|
(165)
|
(195)
|
(145)
|
(73)
|
| To pursue education |
|
|
7
|
8
|
11
|
8
|
|
n
|
|
|
(167)
|
(194)
|
(144)
|
(72)
|
| Other |
|
|
12
|
3
|
5
|
0
|
| n |
|
|
(33)
|
(38)
|
(40)
|
(15)
|
| Experienced the following
(percent yes) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Unemployment for three
months or more due to lack of opportunity |
NA
|
NA
|
23
|
10
|
11
|
14**
|
|
n
|
|
|
(167)
|
(194)
|
(145)
|
(73)
|
| Involuntary termination |
|
|
19
|
20
|
12
|
13
|
|
n
|
|
|
(166)
|
(193)
|
(145)
|
(72)
|
*Chi-square significant p<.05
**Chi-square significant p<.01
***Chi-square significant p<.001
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